TAT 2-4 is a peptide derived from HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) protein.The HIV Tat-derived peptide is a small basic peptide that has been successfully shown to deliver a large variety of cargoes, from small particles to proteins, peptides and nucleic acids.

Isomartynoside has inhibition against the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activities, the IC 50 value is 505±26.7μg/ml, it may have antihypertensive effect. Isomartynoside also shows obvious anti-fatigue activity.

Methyl nomilinate from citrus can modulate cell cycle regulators to induce cytotoxicity in human colon cancer (SW480) cells in vitro.